Repeated readings above 140 mmHg for systolic (the "upper" pressure) and above 90 mmHg for diastolic (the "lower" pressure) during more than one visit are considered outside normal limits. Hypertension is present when either the systolic, diastolic, or both pressures are elevated. In some cases, a "24-hour monitoring" of blood pressure is required. This involves wearing a small device that automatically measures blood pressure at work, home, and during sleep, 2–3 times per hour. The device is worn for 24 hours and records blood pressure fluctuations during the day and night, free from the "white coat effect" often observed during office measurements.

Home measurements are a valuable tool for detecting and monitoring high blood pressure. They play an essential role in diagnosing and monitoring hypertension.

Home blood pressure measurements have slightly lower thresholds than those at the doctor’s office: 135 mmHg for systolic and 85 mmHg for diastolic pressure. This difference exists because the home environment is more familiar and free from the "white coat effect." However, it’s important to note that a few elevated readings do not automatically mean a diagnosis of hypertension. The average of a series of measurements must exceed the mentioned thresholds. This prevents panic over elevated readings on one or two days.

There are monitors with a stethoscope and dial (which resembles a clock), but these require proper training to use and are better suited for healthcare professionals. Electronic arm monitors are considered the best option for home measurements.

Wrist monitors are convenient because they are easier to place but are not always as reliable as electronic arm monitors. When using wrist monitors, it’s important to position the wrist with the monitor at heart level and avoid moving the arm during measurements.

All blood pressure monitors sold in Greece must have the "CE" marking. However, this does not guarantee highly reliable measurements. High-quality electronic monitors undergo additional stringent reliability tests beyond the "CE" marking and receive special certifications based on protocols from international scientific organizations.

Besides certification for reliability, there are other factors to consider when choosing a monitor. People with larger arms should get a monitor with a large cuff to ensure accurate readings. Cuff sizes are similar to clothing sizes (Medium, Large). Those with atrial fibrillation—a common arrhythmia in older adults—should use a special monitor since regular ones may not provide accurate measurements. Specific monitors are also tested for use in pregnant women and children. Most monitors now have memory functions; some take three measurements and automatically calculate the average or allow separate storage for multiple users. The latest technology enables monitors to connect to a computer via cable or wirelessly to a smartphone, allowing data to be shared with a doctor.

Choosing a monitor based solely on price is a mistake. That’s why the selection should be made in collaboration with a pharmacist, who can provide guidance. Otherwise, a second purchase may be necessary, increasing overall costs due to an unreliable initial choice or a mismatch with actual needs.

1. No coffee or smoking 30 minutes before measurement.
2. Sit quietly for 5 minutes before measurement.
3. Always measure on the same arm.
4. Place the cuff directly on bare skin, 2–3 cm above the elbow.
5. Rest the arm on a stable surface so the cuff is at heart level.
6. Keep your back supported against a chair.
7. Keep your feet flat on the floor (not crossed).
8. Activate the monitor and do not move or talk during the measurement.
9. Wait one minute between measurements.
10. Record the result after each measurement.

Yes, it is. In young children, hypertension is usually due to kidney problems or another underlying condition that leads to "secondary" high blood pressure. In teenagers, it may indicate the early onset of hypertension, which is typically noticed in adulthood without an underlying condition.

It affects 1–3% of children, but among children with significantly increased weight, the prevalence reaches 5%. This percentage is expected to rise due to childhood obesity, sedentary lifestyles, and poor diet.

Remember: Do not compare children’s blood pressure values with those of adults. Normal limits for children depend on their gender, age, and height. Only a pediatrician or another specialist can assess them.